Imperial Citadel of Thang Long: A full guide for visitors

Contents

The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long offers a unique blend of history, culture, and architectural wonder (Source: Collected)

1. An overview of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long

1.1. Location & contact information

The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is a complex intrinsically linked to the history of Thang Long (now Hanoi). This complex includes the Imperial Citadel and the Archaeological Site at No. 18 Hoang Dieu Street, covering a total area of 18.395 hectares.

• Address: 19C Hoang Dieu Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi
• Tel: +84 24 3734 5926
• The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long opening hours: Daily, from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM

1.2. Establishment & development

Thang Long Citadel was established in the 11th century by the Ly Dynasty. It served as the political center of the country for over 13 centuries and housed numerous royal palaces, military structures, etc. Over the centuries, the citadel underwent several expansions and renovations under various dynasties, including Tran, Le, Mac, and Nguyen. Each dynasty contributed to the complex’s unique blend of architectural styles.

The citadel’s significance was recognized internationally when it was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2010. This recognition highlights its outstanding historical, cultural, and architectural value, making it a symbol of Vietnam’s enduring legacy.

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2. The attractions in Imperial Citadel of Thang Long

2.1. Hanoi Flag Tower

One of the most prominent structures within the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long Hanoi is Hanoi Flag Tower. The tower was constructed in 1812 during the Nguyen Dynasty. In 1954, the national flag was hoisted atop the tower for the first time, marking the historic liberation of Hanoi. The flag has flown here for more than half a century, symbolizing the glory and pride of an independent Vietnam.

Hanoi Flag Tower is an iconic structure within the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long (Source: Collected)

2.2. Doan Mon Gate

Doan Mon is one of the main entrances to the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long Hanoi. Built in a U-shape, Doan Mon features five gates symmetrically aligned. The main structure follows a watchtower gazebo style with three rolling arches. These arches not only provide graceful curves but also boast excellent load-bearing capabilities. The gate played a crucial role in the citadel’s defense system, having witnessed numerous historical battles and standing as a silent witness to the changing tides of Vietnamese history.

2.3. Kinh Thien Palace

Kinh Thien Palace is the central structure within Thang Long Citadel. Originally built during the Le Dynasty in the 15th century, it served as the main hall for royal ceremonies, significant state functions, and the reception of foreign dignitaries. The foundation and threshold partly reflect the grand scale of Kinh Thien Palace in the past. Today, the site represents both the ancient Kinh Thien Palace of Thang Long Citadel and the Headquarters of the General Commander of the Vietnam People’s Army in modern history. 

Kinh Thien Palace has become an alluring attraction for tourists (Source: Collected)

2.4. Revolutionary House D67

Revolutionary House D67 is a significant historical site within the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long Hanoi, representing a different era in Vietnam’s history. Built in 1967 during the Second Indochina War, this building served as the military headquarters for the Vietnam People’s Army. It was here that General Vo Nguyen Giap and other military leaders developed key strategies and made crucial decisions. The house remains one of the relatively intact military structures from the resistance war against the U.S.

2.5. Lady Pavilion

The Lady Pavilion, or Hau Lau, spans approximately 2,392 square meters. Built after the Le Dynasty, it served as the residence for queens and princesses. The pavilion featured traditional Vietnamese architectural elements, including multi-level roofs. In the late 19th century, Hau Lau suffered severe damage. However, it was later restored and rebuilt by the French, resulting in its current appearance. Visiting the pavilion offers a glimpse into the life of female members of Vietnamese royal families. 

The Lady Pavilion reflects the grandeur of Vietnam’s royal past (Source: Collected)

2.6. North Gate

North Gate, also known as Cua Bac, stands on Phan Dinh Phung Street. It is the sole surviving entrance to the citadel, reconstructed in 1805. Perched atop the gate is a watchtower gazebo, which allowed imperial troops to have a clear view of both the citadel’s surroundings and its interior. The North Gate is not only a remaining relic of the ancient citadel but also a testament to the heroic battles fought by Hanoi’s soldiers and citizens during the initial resistance war against French colonial invasion.

2.7. Archaeological Site – No. 18 Hoang Dieu

In this site, archaeologists have uncovered a multitude of monuments and relics spanning over 1,300 years. These findings, dating from the Dai La Dynasty (7th–9th centuries) to the Nguyen Dynasty (1802 – 1945), reveal layers of history from the Dinh – Early Le Dynasties (10th century), Ly Dynasty (1009 – 1225), Tran Dynasty (1226 – 1400), Ho Dynasty (1400 – 1407), Primal Le Dynasty (1428 – 1527), Mac Dynasty (1527 – 1592), Revival Le Dynasty (1592 – 1789). Few countries in the world have a capital that preserves such continuous, long-term historical layers within the earth like Thang Long.

The Archaeological Site at No. 18 Hoang Dieu is one of the most significant discoveries within Thang Long Citadel (Source: Collected)

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3. The significance of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long in Hanoi

3.1. Historical values

Established during the Ly Dynasty in the 11th century, Thang Long Citadel served as the imperial capital for successive Vietnamese dynasties. After 1945, it became part of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, now the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Throughout its long history, the citadel has witnessed numerous significant events, including the rise and fall of dynasties, invasions, and political transformations. The citadel’s historical value is further recognized by its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, highlighting its significance not only to Vietnam but to the world.

3.2. Architectural values

The architectural values of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long Hanoi are evident in its diverse structures. Buildings such as Kinh Thien Palace, Doan Mon Gate, and Hanoi Flag Tower showcase a range of architectural styles from the Ly, Tran, Le, and Nguyen Dynasties. The citadel’s architecture also perfectly combines Western fortification techniques with Chinese urban planning concepts and distinctive Vietnamese features. This blend is reflected in the intricate carvings, decorations, and design elements throughout the citadel.

3.3. Archaeological values

The archaeological significance of Thang Long Imperial Citadel is immense, with excavations uncovering a wealth of structural remnants that offer invaluable insights into the past. The archaeological site at No. 18 Hoang Dieu is particularly noteworthy for its multiple historical layers which span over a millennium. The site has yielded thousands of artifacts, including ceramics, coins, tools, etc. These discoveries shed light on the daily life and cultural practices of the people who lived in the citadel.

The citadel showcases a blend of architectural styles from different periods (Source: Collected)

4. Guide to booking tickets to Imperial Citadel of Thang Long

4.1. Types of tours

Standard tickets:

The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long tickets are priced as follows:

• Adults: 70,000 VND
• Children under 16: Free admission

Specialized tour tickets:

Night tour at Thang Long Imperial Citadel: This tour allows visitors to experience this UNESCO World Heritage Site in a magical nighttime setting. Highlights of the tour include:

• Cultural performances: Enjoy artistic performances on a unique stage set amidst the thousand-year-old archaeological remains.
• Archaeological site visit: Explore the archaeological site, along with its remnants and artifacts that date back millennia.
• Cultural experiences: Sit under the ancient Bodhi tree, a symbol of peace and luck, to enjoy lotus tea and lotus sweets.

Tour for foreign visitors: This tour is designed to help foreign visitors learn about the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long Hanoi. Features of the tour include:

• Introductory film: A comprehensive film about the history and significance of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long – Hanoi – Vietnam.
• Guided visit: A guided tour around key sites such as Doan Mon Gate, Kinh Thien Palace, Revolutionary House D67, the archaeological site at No. 18 Hoang Dieu, and more.
• Cultural shows: Enjoy traditional Vietnamese art performances, water puppet shows, and other experiences showcasing Vietnamese heritage.

Thang Long Imperial Citadel offers different tours to enrich the visitor experience (Source: Collected)

4.2. Online ticket booking

To book tickets to the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long Hanoi online, follow these steps:

• Visit the booking website: http://vedientu.hoangthanhthanglong.com/en/node/add/book-ticket
• Provide all the required information in the form
• Proceed with the ticket payment.

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5. Guide for your first visit to the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long

5.1. How to get there?

Thang Long Imperial Citadel, located in the heart of Hanoi, is easily accessible. From Hoan Kiem Lake, you can reach the citadel by bicycle, motorbike, or car. Head towards Trang Thi Street. Continue onto Dien Bien Phu Street, then turn onto Hoang Dieu Street to reach the main entrance of the Imperial Citadel at No. 19C. Alternatively, you can take the bus number 22 and get off at the stop near the citadel.

5.2. What to do?

Besides visiting the major attractions in the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long, there are several other activities to enhance your experience:

• Photographing at Doan Mon Gate: Doan Mon Gate is an ideal spot for photography enthusiasts, offering a picturesque backdrop that captures the essence of the site.
• Costume rental: Immerse yourself in the historical atmosphere by renting traditional costumes. You can find a variety of outfits, including ao dai, at Viet Phuc Hoang Thanh Store, located next to Kinh Thien Palace. Costume rental prices start at 80,000 VND per set.
• Visiting nearby attractions: To make the most of your visit, consider combining your trip to the Imperial Citadel with visits to other famous attractions in central Hanoi, including Hanoi Opera House, Ho Chi Minh Museum, Temple of Literature, Hanoi Old Quarter, Hoan Kiem Lake, etc.

Doan Mon Gate is an ideal spot for photography in the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long Hanoi (Source: Collected)

5.3. What to note?

You can visit the citadel at any time of the year, ideally during Hanoi’s spring and autumn. These seasons offer cool weather, making your visit more comfortable.

Thang Long Imperial Citadel is a huge complex, so you should follow the guided tour map to ensure that you can explore all significant parts of the site. Dress respectfully, as this is a historical site. And note that the use of flycams is prohibited here.

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The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is more than just a historical site; it is a journey through Vietnam’s past. By exploring its numerous attractions and understanding their significance, you can truly appreciate the depth of history embedded within its walls. So, pack your bags and prepare to uncover the enduring legacy of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long! Whether you are fascinated by Vietnam’s feudal dynasties or simply seeking a unique cultural experience, the Imperial Citadel offers an unforgettable journey.

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