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Duong Long Cham Temple

Duong Long Cham Temple: An icon of art and architecture

22/11/2024 751 views

Duong Long Cham Temple in Binh Dinh is a cultural gem of the ancient Champa Kingdom. It is the tallest brick tower in Southeast Asia, a significant symbol of Cham spirituality and artistry during the Vijaya period.

1. An overview of Duong Long Cham Temple

Duong Long Cham Temple is a complex of three adjacent towers. Also known as Binh An Towers, An Chanh Towers, Van Tuong Towers, and Nga Towers, it is located between the villages of Van Tuong and An Chanh in Tay Son District, Binh Dinh Province, about 50 kilometers away from Quy Nhon City.

Duong Long Cham Temple

The unique beauty of Duong Long Cham Temple (Source: Collected)

According to Dai Nam Nhat Thong Chi (the Nguyen Dynasty national atlas), Duong Long Cham Temple was constructed on Duong Long Hill, south of Tra Son Mountain. Nearly a century ago, French scholar Ch. Lemire, in his work Monuments Kiams de la province de Binh Dinh, vividly depicted the towers standing on a hill surrounded by mango and jackfruit trees. Although the landscape has changed, its enduring beauty continues to captivate visitors.

Duong Long Cham Temple is the largest and tallest Cham tower complex in Southeast Asia. It was recognized as a national architectural relic by the Ministry of Culture and Information in 1980 and a special national heritage site by the Prime Minister in 2015.

2. Historical and spiritual significance of Duong Long Cham Temple

Duong Long Cham Temple preserves ancient cultural, spiritual, and architectural values, making it a popular destination for those wishing to explore Cham heritage. The complex was built in the late 12th century – early 13th century during the conflict between the Champa Kingdom and the Khmer Empire. For much of this time, the Vijaya region was under Khmer control until Champa regained its independence in 1220. Consequently, the temple reflects distinct Khmer architectural influences.

The complex consists of three towers, each dedicated to one of the three supreme Hindu gods: Brahma – god of creation, Vishnu – god of preservation, and Shiva – god of destruction. Together, they represent the Trimurti, the holy trinity of Hinduism. The entire complex embodies the belief that all things in nature are created by Brahma, sustained by Vishnu, and ultimately transformed by Shiva’s destructive force. It is not an end but a renewal, which opens the door for new creation and demonstrates the idea of cyclical change.

Historical and spiritual significance of Duong Long Cham Temple

Duong Long Cham Temple showcases a harmonious blend of Khmer and Champa architectural styles (Source: Collected)

Check out: Banh It Cham Temple: A key cultural landmark in Binh Dinh

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3. Architectural highlights of Duong Long Cham Temple

3.1. General structure

Duong Long Cham Temple elegantly blends the architectural styles of the Cham and Khmer civilizations. While the Cham typically used brick to build their towers, the Khmer favored stone, and the complex harmoniously combined both materials. The structure is primarily brick, with large stone blocks enhancing its intricate decorations. The foundation consists of four layers of laterite stones and seven layers of brick, which are stacked to form a solid base. Although the temple sits on a square foundation, the Cham craftsmen skillfully rounded the corners, reflecting the elegance of Khmer architecture.

3.2. Three main towers

The three towers boast unique architecture, captivating visitors with their striking design.

  • The Central Tower: Standing 38.81 meters tall, the Central Tower is the tallest brick tower in Southeast Asia. Although it has suffered significant damage over time, as the main archway and false doors have collapsed, some stone blocks and pillars remain intact. The walls are lined with seven wide, unadorned pilasters, each topped with stone blocks, subtly flared and decorated with stepped bands.
  • The North Tower is the most heavily damaged and has been reinforced since 1984. It stands 31.76 meters tall with smooth, unembellished walls. The cornice is adorned with a lion motif, while its main section features a series of pointed arches. Each arch is formed by two serpents, their heads facing inward toward the base. At the center, there is an image of a figure sitting in a cross-legged posture.
  • The South Tower rises to a height of 32.94 meters, with a square base and a 0.76-meter projection, which spans 14 meters in width. Positioned just 1 meter away from the Central Tower, its walls are characterized by angled, stepped corners and smooth, unembellished surfaces. While the sandstone frame of the main door remains intact, the false doors and arches on the west and south sides have collapsed.
Architectural highlights of Duong Long Cham Temple

The unique architecture of Duong Long Cham Temple (Source: Collected)

3.3. Other architectural works

Within the site, in addition to the three towers, there is an exhibition hall covering an area of approximately 370 square meters, along with a system of walls. The site also features two brick structures located to the west, which were discovered through archaeological excavations.

  • Structure 1: Situated 3 meters northwest of the South Tower, this structure aligns with the corridors of the Central Tower and South Tower. Its layout resembles an altar, with its spout facing the corridor between those two towers.
  • Structure 2: Measuring 11.20 meters (East-West) by 9.72 meters (North-South), this structure is positioned 8 meters away from Structure 1. It features a square design with the front extending 1.12 meters outward.

Discover: Map of Quy Nhon: A traveler’s path to top attractions

4. Guide to exploring Duong Long Cham Temple

4.1. How to get there?

From the center of Quy Nhon City, make your way to National Road 19. Follow the signs to stay on this road all the way to Tay Vinh Commune, then turn left onto Road DT638. Keep going until you reach Tay Binh Commune, where you will turn left again onto Road DT639B. The temple will be just 600 meters away, on your right. The entire distance is about 40 kilometers. You can either hail a taxi or rent a motorbike in Quy Nhon City to ride to the site yourself.

4.2. What to note?

To make your visit to Duong Long Cham Temple truly meaningful, please take note of the following:

  • Avoid bringing flammable items, explosives, weapons, or anything that could harm the environment.
  • Refrain from engaging in superstitious practices.
  • Do not disturb the site by digging, damaging, writing on the structures, or littering.
  • Do not cut trees, graze animals, or take soil and other materials from the area.
  • For further guidance, reach out to the management board.

Read more: 13 fun things to do in Quy Nhon for a memorable visit

With its ancient charm, Duong Long Cham Temple is truly a must-see in Binh Dinh. After visiting this incredible wonder, you can go to Quy Nhon City and explore Ky Co Beach, Queen’s Beach, Hon Kho Beach, Bai Xep Beach, Eo Gio, etc.

If you have concluded your trip in Binh Dinh and still crave for more excitement, make your way to Nha Trang. Also located in central Vietnam, this coastal city is about a 4-hour drive away from Quy Nhon. In Nha Trang, make sure to explore VinWonders Nha Trang, an amusement park filled with endless thrills. Nearby, the entertainment complex of Vinpearl Harbour is where dining and shopping come together in perfect harmony.

VinWonders Nha Trang - a serene tropical haven

VinWonders Nha Trang – a serene tropical haven

Vinpearl Harbour - a paradise for dining and shopping

Vinpearl Harbour – a paradise for dining and shopping

While you are in Nha Trang, make sure to reserve a room at Vinpearl Nha Trang, where a collection of luxurious resorts and hotels awaits to turn your dream vacation into reality. Here, you can sink into plush beds, unwind in private pools, and treat yourself to rejuvenating spas – truly the ultimate escape for indulgence.

 

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